This is my space to share my quest to collect as many broken branches as I can in my fractured family tree which resembles a bramble bush more then a proper tree. As I go forward in this blogging journey I hope to share how I have searched far & wide for family - with no regard for where they come from or if I should really want them.
You can pick your friends, but you can't pick your family you know!

Wednesday, August 28, 2024

It's All Mixed Up ~ Remembering the 80s

 52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks 2024: Week 35 (ALL MIXED UP)


This week I had a personal realization. 

Much of my growing up was influenced by the music I listened to.

Many of my memories are triggered by hearing a song.

I also immediately think of songs when I hear different phrases.

Like this week's ALL MIXED UP prompt, I immediately remembered the song from THE CARS.

Take a listen - see if any memories are evoked for you.



My immediate memory was of babysitting for my aunt. 

She had 2 young children, an epic record collection, and a stereo that sounded awesome when it was turned up very loud. 

She was also the aunt who shared her clothes with me whenever I asked - even if she was currently wearing them. 

Our special relationship began when we were both pretty young - she was just 10 when she became an aunt.

Weren't we both soooo cute .. the adorable dog was Tiny.


A couple of weeks ago we were visiting my sister-in-law's farm, and the old photos came out.

I really loved these 2 gems:

Chris and his sister

Solidly in the same time frame that I was listening to The Cars
            - I have no doubt those 2 with their matching 80s hair were too.

I have heard tales of the two of them practicing their dance moves to the various songs they loved.

Watching them Karaoke to the song they frequently danced and sang to I have no doubt they were epic. 

It's too bad I couldn't share the video of them performing FLASHDANCE, WHAT A FEELING.

Just picture the two of them while watching the video .... they even included the water scenes. 




When a song takes you back to that moment in the past!!! 



This is why I search - 


Cause ... 





You can pick your friends, but you can't pick your family you know!







***Any errors are my own. Please send me any updates or corrections via the comments at the bottom of this blog post***




Videos:

All Mixed Up, The Cars. Retrieved August 27th 2024 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFXsdQb35Io

Flashdance, What a Feeling, Retrieved August 28th 2024 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILWSp0m9G2U


Photos:

Personal


Links:

Amy Johnson Crow, 52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks Challenge
https://www.amyjohnsoncrow.com/52-ancestors-in-52-weeks/



If you reference or use my blog posts in any way please
include a link to the specific blog and
credit http://somehowrelated.blogspot.com/
My blogs are ©Deborah Buchner, 2014 forward.
All rights reserved.
Please & Thank you!

______________________________________________________________

Saturday, August 24, 2024

Double Match ~ It's a Tennis Line

 52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks 2024: Week 34 (MEMBER OF THE CLUB)

We regularly receive a notable connection email from WikiTree.

The connections are usually in the 13-41 degrees from Chris or I, and only a few are actually related. 

Even knowing that I check every email that comes, and usually the lines are full of yellow (denoting in-law matching), and not green (noting directly matching). 

February 2024 the notable match email arrived from WikiTree for KINGS.

Featured Connections:

As always I clicked on each of the potential connections with little hope of seeing anything except yellow & was shocked to see a solid line of green for tennis star Billie Jean King to Chris' maternal line.

I decided that day to save her for MEMBER OF THE CLUB since it fit nicely for a tennis star!

This week I began adding the connections to our our Bramble Bush.

While adding I ended up duplicating a line that resulted in tedious merges. 

The duplication occurred because there are crossovers between Chris' mother's paternal line and my mother's maternal line. 

These are the 2 solid colonial lines so I wasn't surprised to find the crossover.

Billie Jean (nee Moffitt) King is my 10th cousin X1 removed, and Chris' 9th cousin X1 removed. The connections are via a 1st and 2nd marriage so Chris and I are not actually related, but the descendants from that spot are.


Chris and I are proud to call Billie Jean cousin. 

"One of the greatest tennis players of all time and a Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient for her advocacy for women in sports and LGBTQ rights, Billie Jean King won 39 Grand Slam titles in her tennis career and led the fight for equal pay in tennis. Known for beating Bobby Riggs in 1973’s “Battle of the Sexes,” King also helped establish the Women’s Tennis Association, the organization that oversees women’s professional tennis."  

"King retired from competitive tennis in 1984 and the same year became the first woman commissioner in professional sports in her position with the World TeamTennis League. She was inducted into the Women’s Sports Hall of Fame in 1980, the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1987, and the National Women’s Hall of Fame in 1990. King remained active in tennis and since the mid-1990s served as coach for several Olympic and Federation Cup teams; in 2020 the Federation Cup was renamed the Billie Jean King Cup. The United States Tennis Association honoured King in August 2006, when it renamed the National Tennis Center, home of the U.S. Open, the Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. In 2009 King was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. She published the autobiographies Billie Jean (1974; with Kim Chapin), The Autobiography of Billie Jean King (1982; with Frank Deford), and All In (2021; with Johnette Howard and Maryanne Vollers). Her other books included We Have Come a Long Way: The Story of Women’s Tennis (1988; with Cynthia Starr) and Pressure Is a Privilege: Lessons I’ve Learned from Life and the Battle of the Sexes (2008; with Christine Brennan)." 

"Today, King, 77, is considered a human rights pioneer. When she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom at the Oval Office in 2009, Barack Obama told her the Battle of the Sexes had had a huge impact on him as a father. 
“You don’t realize it, but I saw that match at 12,” he told her. “Now I have two daughters and it has made a difference in how I raise them. 
In 2006, the USTA National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, Queens, home to the upcoming US Open, was rededicated as the Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, in honor of the integral part she has played in promoting parity between the men’s and women’s game and equality in general."  3

"Billie Jean King won her first tennis championship when she was just fourteen years old. She went on to win thirty nine Grand Slam singles, doubles and mixed double titles over a career spanning two decades. A champion for the women's movement, she drew attention to the inequality in prize money afforded to women's champions in comparison to men. She was the first American athlete to acknowledge having a homosexual relationship. King retired from professional play in 1984 and now serves on the boards of the Women's Sports Foundation as well as the Elton John AIDS Foundation." 4

"As a female athlete, King achieved a number of “firsts”. In 1971, she became the first female athlete in any sport to earn more than $100,000 in a single season, and in 1974, she became the first woman to coach a co-ed team in professional sports, the Philadelphia Freedoms. In 1984, King became the first woman commissioner in professional sports history.
...
King is the author of numerous books, including, Pressure is a Privilege: Lessons I”ve Learned from Life and the Battle of the Sexes. In 2009, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation’s highest civilian honor.
King’s groundbreaking achievements spearheaded the women’s movement in tennis, affording today’s female athletes equal opportunity in the world of sports." 5

"American tennis great Billie Jean King broke down barriers by pushing for equal prize money for women and becoming one of the first well-known openly gay athletes." 6

"Visionary. Pioneer. Legend. As a tennis champion and social activist, Billie Jean King lives her life according to the principles of equality, empowerment, and access.
...
Named one of the “100 Most Important Americans of the 20th Century” by LIFE magazine, Billie Jean King’s greatest desire is to empower the next generation with the tools to do better than the one before it. An influential visionary who is both highly respected and strikingly innovative, Billie Jean King’s legacy is ever-evolving."  
7



When you find relatives who are easy to admire!!! 



This is why I search - 


Cause ... 





You can pick your friends, but you can't pick your family you know!







***Any errors are my own. Please send me any updates or corrections via the comments at the bottom of this blog post***



Footnotes:

1  Billie Jean King. National Women's History Museum. Retrieved August 24th 2024 from
https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/billie-jean-king

2  
Billie Jean King. Encyclopedia Brittanica.  Retrieved August 24th 2024 from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Billie-Jean-King

3  How Billie Jean King was outed by her secret lover, then shunned by the world. By Gavin Newsham. New York Post. Originally Published August 14th 2021. Retrieved August 24th 2024 from 
https://nypost.com/2021/08/14/how-billie-jean-king-was-outed-by-her-secret-lover-then-shunned-by-the-world/

Billie Jean King (née Moffitt). by Mary McCartney. chromogenic print, 2008. National Portrail Gallery. Retrieved August 24th 2024 from 
https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp122819/billie-jean-king-nee-moffitt

Billie Jean King. National Women's Hall of Fame. Retrieved August 24th 2024 from https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/billie-jean-king/

Billie Jean King. Biography.com. Retrieved August 24th 2024 from 
https://www.biography.com/athletes/billie-jean-king

Billie Jean King. Official Website. Retrieved August 24th 2024 from
https://www.billiejeanking.com/


Sources:

Billie Jean King. Official Website. Retrieved August 24th 2024 from
https://www.billiejeanking.com/

Billie Jean King. Biography.com. Retrieved August 24th 2024 from 
https://www.biography.com/athletes/billie-jean-king

Billie Jean King. Encyclopedia Brittanica.  Retrieved August 24th 2024 from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Billie-Jean-King

Billie Jean King. International Tennis Hall of Fame. Retrieved August 24th 2024 from 
https://www.tennisfame.com/hall-of-famers/inductees/billie-jean-king

Billie Jean King. National Women's Hall of Fame. Retrieved August 24th 2024 from https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/billie-jean-king/

Billie Jean King. National Women's History Museum. Retrieved August 24th 2024 from
https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/billie-jean-king

Billie Jean King (née Moffitt). by Mary McCartney. chromogenic print, 2008. National Portrail Gallery. Retrieved August 24th 2024 from 
https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp122819/billie-jean-king-nee-moffitt

How Billie Jean King was outed by her secret lover, then shunned by the world. By Gavin Newsham. New York Post. Originally Published August 14th 2021. Retrieved August 24th 2024 from 
https://nypost.com/2021/08/14/how-billie-jean-king-was-outed-by-her-secret-lover-then-shunned-by-the-world/

King, Billie Jean Moffitt. Encylcopedia.com. Retrieved August 24th 2024 from
https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/king-billie-jean-moffitt



Clips:

Featured Connections. Retrieved February 28th 2024, email from WikiTree

Billie Jean Moffitt connection to myself. WikiTree retrieved August 24th 2024 from  https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Moffitt-719 


Links:

Amy Johnson Crow, 52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks Challenge
https://www.amyjohnsoncrow.com/52-ancestors-in-52-weeks/



If you reference or use my blog posts in any way please
include a link to the specific blog and
credit http://somehowrelated.blogspot.com/
My blogs are ©Deborah Buchner, 2014 forward.
All rights reserved.
Please & Thank you!

______________________________________________________________

Thursday, August 15, 2024

It's a Dog's Life ~ Going to the Farm

 52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks 2024: Week 33 (FAVOURITE DISCOVERY)


It's a dog's life .... that is what they tell me, but I don't understand what that means because this is the only life I know.

They tell me I was 6 months old when I arrived to this home with comfy couches and snuggles after being in a scary place. 

They say they are foster failures, but I don't think they failed at anything. 

Let me introduce myself. 

I am Tori Lynne Buchner.

The tattoo in my ear says I was found on the highway between Abbotsford & Mission, and I was all alone. 

No one came to find me.

I don't remember any of  that.

Who I was before doesn't matter. 

I am now the princess...


& have a pretty good life.










Last month I turned 13, and I heard my parents say that's old.

They also said that is why I am in so much pain, but lately it's not been so bad, 

I think it's because of the treats I get twice a day they call pill pockets.

Not too long ago my human parents started talking about taking me to the farm.

WHAT..... I heard about 'the farm' at that scary place before I was brought home.

Dogs talk you know.

Mom said we needed to have a trial run.

Dad hooked some weird contraction around my hips saying it would help us get me into the car. 

I think he did it wrong because that didn't help at all.



I wasn't sure where we were going on this 'trial run'.

Dad forgot my leash so he used the hip thing around my neck. 

I am pretty sure he doesn't know how to use it at all.

When we got out of the car there was lots of people and it smelled good.

Mom said it was waffle cones that smelled so good, and I was getting a treat. 

I do like treats.





I love ice cream, and there was a dog cookie in that cup too! 

After the ice cream we got back in the car to go home.

Dad wasn't much help with the hip thing, but it was nice he tried.

I like trial runs a lot.

I'm pretty sure they changed their mind about the 'the farm'.

Later (days, weeks, hours, ummmm I don't know time) the suitcases came upstairs, and my parents were packing. 

Normally when my family gets into the car with their suitcases Grandpa comes to stay with me and we have so much fun.

Grandpa & I sit on the couch, watch tv, have snacks, and he tells me what a good girl I am. 


He also tells me how pretty I am, and that I have a perfect button nose.

I was looking forward to seeing grandpa when I noticed they were putting my stuff in a bag.

Then dad was putting the hip thing on me, and we were both confused about how it was supposed to work. 

I was looking forward to more ice cream when I realized Dad was driving the wrong way.


Then he said we were going to the farm.

Wait ... I thought we changed our mind about 'the farm'.

I'm wasn't sure where we were going, but it took a long time.

I looked out the window watching all the trees on the side of the road. 

I watched very carefully for a long time, and then laid down when I got tired.

We stopped for dad to pee, but I was just too busy sniffing and sniffing that I forgot to pee.

Back in the car, and dad's skills with the hip thing were no better. 

The view out the window was just lots more trees so I went back to sleep.

But then we stopped for lunch.


I love hamburgers!

There was lots of really great pee spots in that area.

I may have even smelled a dog from my neighbourhood.

Finally the car slowed down, and drove through a gate.

They opened the car, and let me out. 

It was beautiful.

Mom and Dad said we were in Naramata, and it was so nice to be near the lake but not in the lake, water ick. 










I think the hot dry air made my sore hips feel better. 

There was a very big yard for me to explore.

Chickens to try to make friends with.

It made me sad that they wouldn't play with me.

They just kept running away when I tried to say hello.

The very big dogs they said were horses scared me so I stayed away from them. 

Next we went into the house, and I was allowed to be everywhere.

I found my spot....

Even the treats were just like home.


There was a family dinner, and dad brought the ham.


Everybody loves dad's ham.

We also had potato salad, corn on the cob, shrimp, pasta greek salad, and chicken. 

Everyone shared with me, and with 17 people I got to taste everything.  

Mom said I didn't need my kibble dinner because I had too many snacks, but I didn't think she was right. 

When it was time to go home Dad didn't even bother using the hip thing - this time he just gave me a butt boost and I was in the car faster than any of the other times. 

On the way home I slept the entire time. 

I was exhausted....

AND so glad to be home


I discovered that we didn't go to 'the farm'. 

We went to the family farm.



Family visits at the farm are the best!!! 



This is why I search - 


Cause ... 





You can pick your friends, but you can't pick your family you know!







***Any errors are my own. Please send me any updates or corrections via the comments at the bottom of this blog post***




Photos:

Personal


Links:

Amy Johnson Crow, 52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks Challenge
https://www.amyjohnsoncrow.com/52-ancestors-in-52-weeks/



If you reference or use my blog posts in any way please
include a link to the specific blog and
credit http://somehowrelated.blogspot.com/
My blogs are ©Deborah Buchner, 2014 forward.
All rights reserved.
Please & Thank you!

______________________________________________________________





Monday, August 5, 2024

Kids Should Be Living Life, Not Fight For It ~ Cycling With Loved Ones

52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks 2024: Week  32 (FREE SPACE)

When writing my weekly blog I remember who my primary audience is:
1st is me as a record of what I spend my time and our money on,
2nd is our children who right now aren't too interested so I am leaving them stories for when I am no longer here to share them,
3rd is a future 'me' looking for where they fit in their own genealogical story and find my stories.

With that in mind I decided FREE SPACE was a great fit for writing about Chris and I in the here & now.

Getting outside in August can be a bit challenging:
- It's hot
- It's humid
- Smoke is in the air due to wildfires

Sitting inside in the air conditioning after work and on my day off seems like a fabulous idea. 

AND yet this my 4th (Chris's 5th) August where we drag ourselves outside in the hot, humid, smoky weather to ride after work and on our days off. 

Every spring we register for the Great Cycle Challenge. 

It seems like a great idea in the spring, but then August arrives and we question what we were thinking. 

Then we remind ourselves  we can cycle through a bit of discomfort to raise funds for these kids who experience discomfort & pain as they fight for their lives.

I can't even imagine what their parents are going through .... 

Chris and I can handle a bit of discomfort to raise funds for research to fight juvenile cancer.


Kids should be living life, not fighting for it.

The funds go to SickKids in Toronto for juvenile cancer research.

We live in BC - why are we fundraising for the paediatric hospital in Ontario when we have one right here in BC?

Good question -

We do it because:

"The SickKids Research Institute (RI) is Canada’s largest, hospital-based child health research institute conducting and translating groundbreaking research, training the next generation of researchers, and supporting global scientific communities with knowledge and state-of-the-art facilities.  

We’re taking more discoveries from the lab bench to the bedside, making a bigger impact on children’s lives around the world, sooner."   1

"In January 2008, SickKids launched the Comprehensive Cancer Centre. The Centre was designed to enhance and integrate all aspects of clinical, research and educational activities in the discipline of oncology at SickKids.

Two years later, in 2010, the Garron Family donated an unprecedented $30 million to SickKids to revolutionize the care and treatment of children’s cancer in Canada and around the world.

The donation transformed the Comprehensive Cancer Centre into the Garron Family Cancer Centre (GFCC), the largest paediatric oncology centre in Canada, and created five Endowed Chairs in Childhood Cancer Research. A generous new gift of $15 million over 15 years from the Garron family, beginning in 2021, will support the Garron Family Chairs in Childhoood Cancer Research and other high priority needs of the centre. " 2

"Between 2015 and 2020, the GFCC received over $2 million dollars from the SickKids Foundation to support the adjudication of 39 discovery grants, 3 functional genomics team grants, 13 clinical grants and 26 basic/translational grants. Currently, we have 73 cancer clinical trials running."  3

The research discoveries happening in Toronto are helping children all over the world beat cancer. 

You can support this worthy cause by clicking my link below:
BUT because we are the same team .. if you want to donate to Chris instead of me click his link below:
If you donate your receipt will be sent directly to you from SickKids.


The fundraising part is the most important part of this challenge, but that part doesn't come from us. 

We ride during the month of August, and promote the challenge to raise funds.

Shamelessly promoting our Great Cycle Challenge 2024 in this blog to solicit more donations?  Precisely!

Chris loves to cycle. 

Me - not so much.

In 2015 Chris was diagnosed with 2 types of autoimmune arthritis (Ankylosing Spondylitis & Psoriatic Arthritis) when he had the first major flare of his life. In looking back he had been having symptoms, but it wasn't obvious what was happening because the symptoms changed & none stuck around for long. That all changed in the spring of 2015.

Initially his rheumatologist didn't immediately move to aggressive treatment saying that his body had kept it in check for his whole life so maybe it would go back to sleep. The tests had confirmed he had the  DNA (HLA B-27) commonly found with the two types of arthritis he had been diagnosed with.  After a couple of months it became apparent that his body was no longer willing/able to put it back in check, and he began immune suppressors. 

As he graduated from walker to cane he learned to manage chronic pain. 

Living with chronic pain resulted in some activities no longer being possible or enjoyable. 

One of the things he missed most was cycling. Each time he started cycling again it would trigger off an inflammatory flare. 

Prior to getting sick he cycled an hour or two daily, and even completed 100km rides.

In 2020 he signed up for his first Great Cycle Challenge in the hopes of being motivated to cycle for the whole month.

I observed that when he completed long quick rides his body would react with inflammation that took a long time to reduce. 

His 2020 Great Cycle Challenge left him disappointed.

In 2021 I signed up for the challenge with him.

My primary purpose was to spend time with him, AND reduce his speed and distance to one his body didn't react to. 

I don't love cycling, but I am a fan of Chris AND love spending time with him.

August 2021, our 1st year joining together

Chris and our children bought me a bike for Mother's Day 2021 because the old bike I had wasn't up to the longer distance rides I was attempting to do that first year with Great Cycle Challenge.

That Mother's Day I remember thinking 'what...there are no pots or vacuum cleaners available' when I was informed I was getting a bike for Mother's Day.

I had a hard time believing a new bike would make cycling more enjoyable.

Our youngest - my personal bike mechanic and coach shown below set up my new bike. He made sure each of the measurements were perfect, and my seat fit my sit bones exactly.


I climbed on that new bike for my first ride & fell off.


My personal mechanic/coach thought I could ride and watch him at the same time.  

My son knows how uncoordinated I am, but for a moment I also believed the cycling coach part of him that thought I could pedal like the wind.

Notice the grass stain on the left knee in the photo above.

Immediately after that ride I announced that I needed a basket on my bike. I felt this would set the tone for those around me to understand my cycling skill level. It's also a good visual reminder for myself when I briefly forget! 

In case I might forget I purchased this jersey for myself.


Did I ever think I would be able to complete a long ride?

Nope .. I did not think that would ever happen.

I was wrong:

Am I a fan of cycling?

Still NO!

BUT I am a fan of Chris so spending time together doing something he loves feels good 💗


July 2024 - Highway 1 frontage Road at Number 3 Road

July 2024 - Fraser River Dyke near  Barrowtown Pump Station

July 2024 -Fraser River Dyke near Island 22

After work rides include a picnic
My basket has found a use


We spent a day at the Vancouver Zoo during our July training time.




Strava tracked our ride.


When I first met Chris he made me laugh at a time when I was taking myself far too seriously. Making me laugh was very welcome, and I told him I would keep him around as long as he kept me laughing


32 years later, and we are still laughing

Our children moved across Canada so we don't get to see them very often. Oddly enough we take it as a parenting win that they like each other enough to want to live close together AND they frequently spend time together. They sent us this photo a couple of weeks ago.


It seems their father's cycling skills were passed down.


July 2024, rebuilding his bike

His mechanical skills were also passed down. 



Getting outside to spend time time with the ones you love!!! 



AND if you have any spare funds please click one of the links above OR below to donate to the fight against juvenile cancer 💗

HUGE thank you to those who have already donated.



This is why I search - 


Cause ... 





You can pick your friends, but you can't pick your family you know!







***Any errors are my own. Please send me any updates or corrections via the comments at the bottom of this blog post***




Links:

Donation Link. Deb Buchner. Great Cycle Challenge. 
https://greatcyclechallenge.ca/Riders/DeborahBuchner

Donation Link. Chris Buchner. Great Cycle Challenge
https://greatcyclechallenge.ca/riders/ChrisBuchner



Footnotes:

 SickKids Research Institute. Retrieved August 2nd 2024 from
 https://www.sickkids.ca/en/research/about-research-institute/

2  The Garron Family Cancer Centre. The Garron Family Cancer Centre. Retrieved August 2nd 2024 from 
https://www.sickkids.ca/en/care-services/centres/garron-family-cancer-centre/

 The Garron Family Cancer Centre. Research. The Garron Family Cancer CentreRetrieved August 2nd 2024 from . 
https://www.sickkids.ca/en/care-services/centres/garron-family-cancer-centre/research/



Sources:

The Garron Family Cancer Centre. The Garron Family Cancer Centre. Retrieved August 2nd 2024 from 
https://www.sickkids.ca/en/care-services/centres/garron-family-cancer-centre/

The Garron Family Cancer Centre. Research. The Garron Family Cancer CentreRetrieved August 2nd 2024 from . 
https://www.sickkids.ca/en/care-services/centres/garron-family-cancer-centre/research/

Great Cycle Challenge. Retrieved August 2nd 2024 from
https://www.greatcyclechallenge.ca/

SickKids Research Institute. Retrieved August 2nd 2024 from
https://www.sickkids.ca/en/research/about-research-institute/



Photos & Video:

Great Cycle Challenge promotional material

Personal

Screenshot clips retrieved from Stava



Links:

Amy Johnson Crow, 52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks Challenge
https://www.amyjohnsoncrow.com/52-ancestors-in-52-weeks/



If you reference or use my blog posts in any way please
include a link to the specific blog and
credit http://somehowrelated.blogspot.com/
My blogs are ©Deborah Buchner, 2014 forward.
All rights reserved.
Please & Thank you!

______________________________________________________________